2024 y\u0131l\u0131n\u0131n sonlar\u0131ndan bu yana dola\u015f\u0131mda olan BA.3.2 adl\u0131 COVID-19 varyant\u0131, ABD genelinde h\u0131zla yay\u0131lmaya ba\u015flad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
AP’nin haberine g\u00f6re, uzmanlar, \u201cCicada\u201d olarak da bilinen BA.3.2\u2019nin, 2025-2026 k\u0131\u015f\u0131nda dola\u015f\u0131mda olan varyantlardan daha tehlikeli ya da daha a\u011f\u0131r hastal\u0131\u011fa yol a\u00e7t\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir i\u015faret olmad\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 belirtti; ancak bu varyant\u0131n, \u00f6nceki t\u00fcrlerden \u00f6nemli \u00f6l\u00e7\u00fcde farkl\u0131 oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in mevcut COVID-19 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n\u0131n ona kar\u015f\u0131 daha az etkili olabilece\u011fini vurgulad\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
BA.3.2, ilk olarak 2021\u2019in sonlar\u0131nda ortaya \u00e7\u0131kan Omicron varyant\u0131n\u0131n bir alt t\u00fcr\u00fc.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
COVID-19\u2019a neden olan SARS-CoV-2\u2019nin g\u00fcn\u00fcm\u00fczde bask\u0131n olan t\u00fcrleriyle kar\u015f\u0131la\u015ft\u0131r\u0131ld\u0131\u011f\u0131nda, BA.3.2\u2019nin h\u00fccrelere giri\u015fte rol oynayan \u201cspike\u201d (diken) proteininde 70 ila 75 genetik de\u011fi\u015fiklik bulunuyor. Bu protein ayn\u0131 zamanda a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini vir\u00fcs\u00fc tan\u0131maya y\u00f6nlendirdi\u011fi temel hedef.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ara\u015ft\u0131rmac\u0131lar BA.3.2\u2019yi ilk olarak Kas\u0131m 2024\u2019te Afrika\u2019da tespit etti. 2025\u2019te k\u00fcresel yay\u0131l\u0131m\u0131na ba\u015flayan varyant, \u015eubat 2026 itibar\u0131yla 23 \u00fclkeye ula\u015ft\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
ABD\u2019de ilk vaka, Haziran 2025\u2019te \u00fclkeye giri\u015f yapan bir yolcuda tespit edildi. O tarihten bu yana 29 eyalette hem hastalarda hem de at\u0131k su sistemlerinde izine rastland\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
At\u0131k su izleme sistemleri, varyant de\u011fi\u015fimlerini erken tespit etmenin en etkili y\u00f6ntemlerinden biri olarak g\u00f6r\u00fcl\u00fcyor. Ancak pandeminin zirve d\u00f6nemi olan 2022\u2019den sonra ABD Hastal\u0131k Kontrol ve \u00d6nleme Merkezleri\u2019ne (CDC) veri sa\u011flayan eyalet say\u0131s\u0131nda azalma ya\u015fand\u0131.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
T\u00fcm vir\u00fcsler zaman i\u00e7inde de\u011fi\u015fiyor. COVID-19\u2019a neden olan vir\u00fcs ise bunu daha h\u0131zl\u0131 yap\u0131yor. Vir\u00fcs her \u00e7o\u011fald\u0131\u011f\u0131nda genetik materyalinde mutasyonlar olu\u015fuyor. Bu de\u011fi\u015fikliklerin \u00e7o\u011fu kayboluyor; ancak baz\u0131lar\u0131 vir\u00fcse avantaj sa\u011flayarak daha h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131lmas\u0131na neden olabiliyor. Bu de\u011fi\u015fiklikler de ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin vir\u00fcs\u00fc tan\u0131mas\u0131n\u0131 zorla\u015ft\u0131r\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn genetik yap\u0131s\u0131ndaki de\u011fi\u015fiklikler a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n etkinli\u011fini de etkiliyor. A\u015f\u0131lar, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemine vir\u00fcs\u00fcn \u201cnas\u0131l g\u00f6r\u00fcnd\u00fc\u011f\u00fcn\u00fc\u201d hat\u0131rlat\u0131yor ve bilim insanlar\u0131 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131 o d\u00f6nemde en yayg\u0131n olan varyantlara g\u00f6re tasarl\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Mevcut COVID-19 a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131, Ocak 2024\u2019ten bu yana ABD\u2019de en yayg\u0131n olan JN.1 soyuna kar\u015f\u0131 koruma sa\u011flamak \u00fczere geli\u015ftirildi. Ancak BA.3.2 bu varyantlardan olduk\u00e7a farkl\u0131. Bu nedenle a\u015f\u0131lar ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sistemini bu yeni varyanta kar\u015f\u0131 yeterince h\u0131zl\u0131 haz\u0131rlayamayabilir ve varyant ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminden k\u0131smen ka\u00e7abilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Bu durum a\u015f\u0131 olunmamas\u0131 gerekti\u011fi anlam\u0131na gelmiyor. \u00c7ok say\u0131da bilimsel kan\u0131t, a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n hastaneye yat\u0131\u015f ve \u00f6l\u00fcm riskini azaltt\u0131\u011f\u0131n\u0131 g\u00f6steriyor. Ancak varyanta tam uyumlu olmayan bir a\u015f\u0131, ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin yan\u0131t vermesini biraz geciktirebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Ba\u011f\u0131\u015f\u0131kl\u0131k sisteminin BA.3.2\u2019yi tan\u0131mas\u0131 daha zor oldu\u011fu i\u00e7in bu varyant daha geni\u015f kitlelere bula\u015fabilir ve vaka say\u0131lar\u0131nda art\u0131\u015fa yol a\u00e7abilir. Ancak h\u0131zl\u0131 yay\u0131lmas\u0131na ra\u011fmen, son y\u0131llarda g\u00f6r\u00fclen di\u011fer COVID-19 varyantlar\u0131na k\u0131yasla daha tehlikeli ya da daha a\u011f\u0131r hastal\u0131k yapt\u0131\u011f\u0131na dair bir bulgu bulunmuyor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Yine de, \u00f6zellikle mevcut a\u015f\u0131lar\u0131n etkisinin daha s\u0131n\u0131rl\u0131 olabilece\u011fi d\u00fc\u015f\u00fcn\u00fcld\u00fc\u011f\u00fcnde, korunma \u00f6nemini koruyor. Bu durum \u00f6zellikle kronik hastal\u0131\u011f\u0131 olan ki\u015filer i\u00e7in daha kritik; \u00e7\u00fcnk\u00fc bu ki\u015filer COVID-19\u2019u daha a\u011f\u0131r ge\u00e7irebilir.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
Vir\u00fcs\u00fcn de\u011fi\u015fmesiyle birlikte uzun COVID g\u00f6r\u00fclme oran\u0131 azalm\u0131\u015f olsa da hala her 100 vakadan yakla\u015f\u0131k 3\u2019\u00fcnde ortaya \u00e7\u0131k\u0131yor.<\/p>\n\n\n\n
COVID-19\u2019dan korunmak ve yay\u0131lmas\u0131n\u0131 \u00f6nlemek i\u00e7in \u015fu basit \u00f6nlemler \u00f6neriliyor:<\/p>\n\n\n\n